He was selected in October 1968 as Command Pilot for Apollo 7, an 11-day, low Earth orbit shakedown test of the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module and the first crewed launch for the Apollo project. This mission ended a month before its scheduled launch, when a cabin fire on the launch pad killed Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee on January 27, 1967. In 1966, he was selected as Command Pilot for the first crewed Apollo mission, a low Earth orbit test.
"Gus" Grissom began his career at NASA in 1959. The second seat pilot was given secondary responsibility for celestial navigation to keep the CSM's guidance computer accurately calibrated with the spacecraft's true position, and the third seat pilot served as a flight engineer, monitoring the health of the spacecraft systems.Īpollo astronauts by their dates of selection by NASA 1959 Mercury Seven astronauts (L to R): Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Grissom, Schirra, Shepard, and Slayton The corresponding Block II titles were: Commander, Command Module Pilot, and Lunar Module Pilot. The Block I crew position titles were Command Pilot, Senior Pilot (second seat), and Pilot (third seat). Two versions of the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) spacecraft were developed: Block I, intended for preliminary low Earth orbit testing and Block II, redesigned for the lunar landing. The prime crew members selected for actual missions are here grouped by their NASA astronaut selection groups, and within each group in the order selected for flight. In March 1972, Slayton was restored to flight status, and flew on the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission. Slayton was responsible for making all Gemini and Apollo crew assignments. "Deke" Slayton, one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts, who was medically grounded in September 1962 due to a minor cardiac arrhythmia – paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations during the Gemini and Apollo programs was Donald K. Of the twenty-four astronauts who flew to the Moon, two went on to command a Skylab mission, one commanded Apollo–Soyuz, one flew as commander for Approach and Landing Tests of the Space Shuttle, and two commanded orbital Space Shuttle missions. Nine astronauts later flew unused Apollo command modules in the Apollo Applications Program's Skylab and Apollo–Soyuz Test Project. Apollo missions 18, 19, and 20 were canceled. The Apollo program included three other crewed missions: Apollo 1 (AS-204) did not launch and its crew died in a ground-based capsule fire, while Apollo 7 and Apollo 9 were low Earth orbit missions that only tested spacecraft components and docking maneuvers. Apollo 4– 6 and AS-201 and AS-202 were uncrewed, while AS-203 is considered a test flight.
No woman has been to the Moon, but a number of non-human animals have circled or orbited it, including two tortoises and five mice.Īpollo missions 8 and 10– 17 were the nine crewed missions to the Moon. Apart from these 24 men, no human being has gone beyond low Earth orbit. Three men have been to the Moon twice, one orbited once and took a circumlunar trajectory the second time, while the other two landed once apiece. During six successful two-man landing missions, twelve men walked on the lunar surface, six of whom drove Lunar Roving Vehicles as part of the last three missions. As part of the Apollo program by NASA, 24 astronauts flew 9 missions to the Moon between December 1968 and December 1972.
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